Cannabinol (CBN) is one of the main components of cannabis, found alongside compounds like THC and CBD. Although its content in the plant rarely exceeds 1%, especially compared to the more well-known THC, which can reach up to 30%, the therapeutic potential of CBN makes it an important subject of scientific research. Interest in its potential medical applications is steadily growing.

CBN is a cannabinoid produced exclusively by the cannabis plant and is not found in other species of flora. The psychoactive effect of CBN is minimal, which attracts many medical users. It is believed that CBN plays a key role in the sedative effect of certain cannabis strains. This cannabinoid partially activates CB1 and CB2 receptors, although it primarily interacts with CB2, inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity. Due to its hydrophobic and lipophilic nature, CBN easily dissolves in fats and solvents used for cannabis resin extraction.

The Process of Cannabinol (CBN) Synthesis

CBN, like many other cannabinoids, is synthesized from the acidic form of CBGA. Initially, THCA is formed from CBGA, which then converts into CBNA, and later into CBN. Most of the cannabinol found in cannabis appears as a result of the natural breakdown of THC under the influence of oxygen and time, rather than the direct decarboxylation of CBNA.

During the growth of cannabis, enzymes convert CBGA into more well-known cannabinoids such as THCA and CBDA. When exposed to oxygen, THCA gradually converts into CBNA, which then, under the influence of heat and light, transitions into CBN.

Over time, the amount of CBN in the plant increases if cannabis is allowed to age, which is related to the natural oxidation of THC. Thus, it is possible to intentionally increase the CBN content by harvesting the plant later, when the trichomes turn amber, and storing it in conditions with air exposure.

This explains why older or improperly stored buds often contain more CBN, especially if the strain initially contained this compound. The longer cannabis is exposed to oxidation, the more THC converts into CBN. To achieve maximum CBN concentration, indica strains are preferred, as they naturally contain more of this substance.

Properties and Therapeutic Effects of CBN

CBN is known for its sedative properties, making it useful for combating insomnia and sleep apnea. However, studies show that CBN also has a range of other therapeutic effects:

• Sedative effect (helps with sleep and improves sleep quality);
• Antiemetic effect (reduces nausea and vomiting);
• Analgesic effect (effective for chronic pain);
• Antibacterial properties;
• Bone cell growth stimulation (promising for fracture treatment);
• Anticonvulsant effect (helps with epilepsy and other neurological disorders);
• Appetite stimulation;
• Anti-inflammatory effect (helps with ulcerative colitis);
• Reduction of intraocular pressure (glaucoma);
• Skin cell growth control (may be beneficial for psoriasis and burns).

Cannabis rich in CBN provides deep and restful sleep. A study by Steep Hill Labs found that 5 mg of CBN can have the same effect as 10 mg of diazepam. The combined use of CBN with THC and CBD can enhance therapeutic effects due to the entourage effect.

The Future of CBN

CBN has significant therapeutic potential and could become an alternative for those who do not want to experience the psychoactive effects of THC. The sedative properties of CBN offer hope to many people with sleep disorders. It is expected that interest in this cannabinoid will continue to grow, and products with high CBN content, such as oils and capsules, will soon appear on the market.

Cannabis breeders are already working on strains rich in CBN, which will give rise to a new sector in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Conclusion

Cannabinol (CBN) is one of the most promising cannabinoids due to its minimal psychoactivity and considerable therapeutic potential. Its ability to improve sleep, reduce pain, stimulate appetite, and fight infections opens new possibilities for medical use. By combining CBN with other cannabinoids, its effects can be enhanced, making it a key element in the future development of cannabis-based therapy and products.